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An exterior photo of Duke's Nicholas School for the Environment
A photo of a panel presenting during the 2025 Billions to Trillions event at Duke University.
Tim Profeta portrait
A woman and her dog in Duke Gardens

Tim Profeta, Ph.D

Executive In Residence in the Nicholas Institute for Energy, Environment & Sustainability

Associate, Duke Science & Society

Tim Profeta is a senior fellow at Duke University’s Nicholas Institute for Energy, Environment & Sustainability and an associate professor of the practice at the Sanford School of Public Policy, with expertise in climate change and energy policy, the Clean Air Act, and adaptive use of environmental law. He returned to Duke in 2023 after serving at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as special counsel for the power sector and a senior advisor, where he played a leading role in power-sector regulatory strategy, including proposed greenhouse gas regulations, interagency coordination, and implementation of programs authorized by the Inflation Reduction Act.

Previously, Profeta was the founding director of the Nicholas Institute, helping build it into a major nonpartisan contributor to environmental policy debates, and before joining Duke he served as counsel for the environment to Sen. Joseph Lieberman, where he was a principal architect of the Lieberman–McCain Climate Stewardship Act of 2003. He has provided Congressional testimony, developed legislative proposals for greenhouse gas mitigation, and facilitated climate and energy policy design for U.S. states.

Profeta serves on the Climate Action Reserve Board of Directors and is a member of The American Law Institute, and holds a JD, magna cum laude, and a master’s in environmental management from Duke, as well as a BA from Yale University.

GUEST EXPERT

Who Should Pay When Data Centers Come to Town?

Data centers are coming to North Carolina, raising questions about infrastructure costs, energy sources and community impact. Who pays when utilities have to build new power plants? Panelists: Rep. Jeff McNeely (R-Iredell), Tim Profeta (Duke University’s Nicholas Institute for Energy, Environment & Sustainability) and Nick Jimenez (Southern Environmental Law Center). Host: PBS NC’s David Hurst.

State Lines: In this roundtable discussion from Feb. 26, 2026, experienced political analysts, journalists and elected officials examine North Carolina’s top legislative stories and current events.

CO-AUTHOR

How DOE’s Proposed Large Load Inter-connection Process Could Unlock the Benefits of Load Flexibility

This brief outlines policy considerations for FERC to evaluate and highlights processes and mechanisms that grid operators would need to develop in order to maximize the benefits of load flexibility for electricity consumers.

Q&A

What drew you into bioethics and policy work?

I started working on environmental work because of a love of nature and the awesomeness of natural grandeur.  But then when I got involved with it, environmental work fascinated me because it was so new and such an arena for creativity.

What is the most interesting or challenging policy issue on your radar this year?

Easily, it is how to harness the exploding demand for power from data centers to motivate clean energy investments and align those needs with our sustainability goals.

What research projects are you currently engaged with?

I am leading a project called the ALIGN Initiative, built collaboratively with colleagues at the Nicholas School’s GRACE Lab, Georgetown, Colorado State, and a private law firm in Washington, DC and focused on how to align our sustainability goals with exploding energy demand. We are modeling the electric system to assess the best possible solutions, drafting policy option papers to surface potential approaches, and directly and iteratively engaging with state, regional and federal policymakers to explore what options might be best suited for their situations.

What motivates your teaching and research today?

Continuing to find the portfolio of approaches that will increase investment in climate solutions.

What are you best known for among students, friends, and colleagues?

That I am the founding director of the Nicholas Institute and built a globally known environmental and energy policy institute from the ground up.

Can you summarize your teaching philosophy in a couple sentences?

I try to build a learning community in the classroom, exploring the theory of policies together with the practical application of that theory, and bring in external experts to “make it real” by placing real word experiences before the class.

What is your favorite part about teaching at Duke University?

The low barriers for collaborating with colleagues across schools and disciplines, and the focus on putting knowledge in the service of society.

What is your favorite quote (your own or someone else’s) related to your work?

Regarding the inevitability of our need to address climate change: “Facts are stubborn things; and whatever may be our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passion, they cannot alter the state of facts and evidence.”

When you're not teaching, where might we find you?

Backpacking in the Rocky Mountains.

Tim is open to a FLUNCH!

The FLUNCH (faculty + lunch) program is designed to encourage student-faculty interaction outside the classroom. Through the program, undergraduates can invite their faculty and/or course instructors to a free lunch at one of many dining locations across campus.